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ìàøùéå úéøáä úåöøàá úåçéçö úåò÷ø÷

1íééãéøà íéøåæà ïåéî

ò÷ø÷ä áàùîá ùåîéùä úìåëéì úåøåù÷ úåçéçö âùåîä úà úåøéãâî øùà ïåéîä úåëøòî
.éçîö øåöé úìåëéå íéîä úåðéîæ úåðåëú ïåéôà ïåâë

 

ïåéîä úåëøòî .äîåã÷ä ïååé úåáøú ïîæî úåçôì åçúôúä úéîéì÷àä ïåéîä úåëøòî
éðåéî ïéá ä÷åìçä .íéì÷à øùàî øúåé äáøä ,úéàøðä äéçîöä ìò úåññåáî åéä úåîåã÷ä
òãî éîåçúë ä÷éæéôäå íéì÷àä úøåú úåçúôúä íò íé÷äáåî øúåé åùòð äéçîöäå íéì÷àä
ñéñá ìò íééçîö íéðåéî .éçîöä ïåéîä çåúéôá åëéùîä íéàðèåáå íéôøâåàéâ .íéãøôð
ïåâë äéçîö-åéæéôäå äéâåìå÷àä ,äéçîöä áëøä ìù úåéîå÷î úåðåëú ìò åúúùåä ,éôøâåàéâ
ø÷éòá ùîùî äéçîö ñéñá ìò ïåéî .úéøáãî äéçîöå äðååàñ ,áùò éøåæà ,íùâä úåøòé
ïåâë íéì÷àä úåðåëú úà úåôôåç ò÷ø÷ä úåðåëú øùàë ãçåéîá ,íéçéçö íéøåæà éåäéæì
íéì÷à ééåðéù ïçáàì ïúéð øùàë åà ,íéôåç éøåæàá åà çø÷á íéô÷åîä íéçåúô íéøåæàá
.úéîéì÷àä ïåéîä úëøòîá éåèéá éãéì íéàá íðéàù íéðåöé÷

 

ïëå íééúðù íéò÷ùî éîåçúì ä÷åìç ïåâë íéèåùô íéøèîøô ìò ññåáî éîéì÷à ïåéî
úôå÷úå äçìä äðåòä êøåà ,íùâ ìù úåðåù éðéôàî íéìéëîä äìà ïåâë øúåé íéáëøåî
ìù ïåéîä úëøòî êåúî .úåãéàúä-íùâ éñçéå úåãéàúä ,äøåèøôîè-íéò÷ùî éñçé ,ìåãéâä
ìù íéò÷ùî íò øãâåî "øáãî" ä÷éøôàá éæëøîä éôåøèä øåæàì La Hou'rou and Popov's (1981)
ïéá "çéçö" , äðù\î"î 200- ì 100 ïéá íéëøò íò "çéçö ãåàî" äðù\î"î 100-î úåçô
ì 600 ïéá "ùáé-çì éöç"å äðù\î"î 600- ãò 400 íò "çéçö éöç" ,äðù\î"î 400-ì 200
UNESCO é"ò "äøéôñåéáäå íãàä úéðëú"á äçúåô ,íéøçà íééðåöé÷ íéø÷îá .äðù\î"î 800-
äèéù .Penman (1948) éôì "úåéã"ä êøòå íéò÷ùîä úðî ìò úññåáîä ïåéî úèéù (1979)
."çì éöç"å "çéçö éöç" ,"çéçö" ,"çéçö ãåàî" :ïî÷ìãë úå÷åìç äòáøà úøöåé UNESCO ìù åæ

 

øèîøôë ùåîéùá úàöîðå íéçéçöä íéøåæàä úà ïééîì éãë úôñåð äèéù äðä íéî úåðéîæ
åæ äèéù .úåøçà ò÷ø÷ ïåéî úåëøòî é"ò íâ åîë (1975) USDA-ä é"ò úåò÷ø÷ ïåéîì
íéì÷à éøåæà øåáò äîéùé äððéà êà íéì÷àå äéçîö ìò úåññåáîä ïåéîä úåèéù ïéá úøùâî
ïåâë íãàä úåìéòô éãé ìò íéòôùåîä íéøåæà øåáò äîéùé äððéà äèéùä óñåðá .íéø÷
.íéøëñ úéðáî äàöåúë íééúùáé äôöä éøåæàá íééåðéù

 

.McGinnies, 1988 êåúî íëåñ ïàë àáåîä òãéîä áåø

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References

Le Houérou, H.N. & G.F. Popov (1981). An ecological classification of intertropical Africa. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 40 p.

McGinnies, W.G. (1988). Climatic and biological classifications of arid lands: A comparison. pp. 61-68. In Arid lands today and tomorrow. E.E. Whitehead, C.F. Hutchinson, B.N. Timmermann, & R.G. Varady (eds.). Boulder, Colo: Westview Press. 1435 p.

Penman, M.L. (1948). Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil, and grass. Royal Society of London, Proceedings Series A 193:120-145.

Soil Survey Staff (1975). Soil taxonomy. Agriculture Handbook; no. 436. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation Service. 754 p.

UNESCO (1979). Map of the world distribution of arid regions. Accompanied by explanatory note. MAB Technical Notes; no. 7. Paris: UNESCO. 54 p.

Text by Joe Tabor
URL:http://cals.arizona.edu/OALS/soils/hclassifarid.html
Last revised: Last revised: 27 August 2001
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