University of Arizona a dot Cooperative Extension


Concerns for Whitefly Management in Multi-crop Communities
Draft Guidelines for Cross-Commodity Management
of Whiteflies in Arizona
(PowerPoint version, 491KB)
(PDF version, 509KB)



  1. Expanded registrations of IGR and neonicotinoids:
    • Applaud/Courier : cucurbits, cotton, lettuce
    • Actara/Platinum: cotton, melons, leafy vegetables
    • Assail: cotton, leafy vegetables
  2. Multiple applications allowed by labels.
  3. Risk of increased selection pressure on whiteflies
  4. The necessity to sustain the efficacies of these valuable chemistries for whitefly control.


Arizona Cross Commodity Working Group

  • Arizona Cotton Growers Association
  • Arizona Cotton Res & Prot Council
  • Western Growers Association
  • Arizona Veg Growers Association
  • Yuma Veg Shippers Association
  • Cotton Incorporated
  • Arizona Department of Agriculture
  • University of Arizona
  • PCA’s

Objective: Harmonize and Sustain Effectiveness of Shared Chemistries While Managing Whiteflies Across Commodities.

  1. Regional cropping systems
  2. WF population dynamics


Multi-crop Community

more than one host-crop is grown in significant acreage within the same community.

  • Yuma Co.
  • Maricopa Co. (e.g. Aguila)
  • Pinal Co. (e.g., MAC)

Yuma

A triad of graphs depicting insecticide usage, crops grown, and whitefly population abundance in Yuma across the year.


Cotton-intensive Community

cotton is the dominant WF host crop grown in a crop community.

  • Maricopa Co. (e.g. Buckeye)
  • Pinal Co. (e.g. Casa Grande)
  • Pima Co. (e.g. Marana)

 

 A triad of graphs depicting insecticide usage, crops grown, and whitefly population abundance in Central Arizona across the year.


Principle Treated WF Hosts by Community

A topographical picture of the state of Arizona with pie charts in key agricultural areas depicting the percent of acreage planted in cotton, vegetables or melons.

Key for the pie charts on the image above this one.


 


General Whitefly Management Guidelines
  • Avoidance
  • Sampling
  • Effective Chemical Use (1 IGR use / crop season)

Graph of a pyramid of factors that make up whitefly IPM (main sections are Avoidance, Effective Chemical Use and Sampling).

 


Cross-commodity Guidelines for Applaud/Courier

 

  1. Limit use to 1 application per crop season.

  2. Restrict use to no more than 3 applications per year in a multi-crop community.

  3. Do not expose multiple, sequential generations of whitefly to Applaud/Courier (or any WF chemistry).

  4. Coordinate treatments of adjacent fields such that, when thresholds indicate the need for Applaud applications:

    • they are made within 1 week (within the same whitefly generation),

      OR

    • the interval between Applaud sprays is more than 4 weeks, or at least 2 whitefly generations


Graph of a Multi-crop community over a year. Times of year for spring and fall melons and cotton are overlaid with bars depicting occurance of generations of whitefly (f2-f11).




Graph of the potential label max use of Applaud in the Yuma crop community over a year. Times of year for spring and fall melons and cotton are overlaid with bars depicting occurance of generations of whitefly (f2-f11). Potential Applaud use times are indicated as well.


Graph of the recommended use of Applaud in the Yuma crop community over a year. Times of year for spring and fall melons and cotton are overlaid with bars depicting occurance of generations of whitefly (f2-f11). Recommended Applaud use times are indicated as well. (with the notation that if wf control is required in certain other times, use on an alternative insecticide - i.e., Knack in cotton - is recommended.

Graph of the potential label max use of Applaud in the Central Arizona crop community over a year. Times of year for spring and fall melons and cotton are overlaid with bars depicting occurance of generations of whitefly (f1-f9).



Graph of the recommended use of Applaud in the Central Arizona crop community over a year. Times of year for spring and fall melons and cotton are overlaid with bars depicting occurance of generations of whitefly (f1-f9). Recommended Applaud use times are indicated as well. (with the notation that if wf control is required in certain other times, use on an alternative insecticide - i.e., Knack in cotton - is recommended.


Cross-commodity Guidelines for Neonicotinoids
(Draft Proposal)


Multi-crop Communities

Cotton:

  • Do not apply neonicotinoids.
    (Centric/Actara, Provado/Leverage, Assail)

Melons /Vegetables :

  • A single neonicotinoid use (soil or foliar) per crop
  • Do not apply a foliar neonicotinoid spray following the use of a soil application of Admire or Platinum.
  • Soil or foliar neonicotinoids should not be applied during the following periods:
    • Yuma: After April 1 or before Aug 1
    • Aguila: Before May 1 or After Sept 1
  • Consider foliar alternatives for vegetables that are planted after WF movement subsides and harvested before aphids typically become abundant.
    (e.g., Oct 7th ~ Nov 7th in Yuma Valley)

 


Resistance Risks Associated with Shared Neonicotinoid Uses in a Multi-Crop Community

(e.g., Yuma – current usage)


Graph of Neonicotinoid use in Yuma melons overlaid on whitefly generations throughout the year. Neonicotinoid bands go from about January to mid May and from August to November.


Resistance Risks Associated with Shared Neonicotinoid Uses in a Multi-Crop Community

(e.g., Yuma – current usage)

Graph of Neonicotinoid use in Yuma melons & vegetables overlaid on whitefly generations throughout the year. Neonicotinoid bands go from about January to mid May and from August to November for melons and from September through April for vegetables.


Resistance Risks Associated with Shared Neonicotinoid Uses in a Multi-Crop Community

(e.g., Yuma – current usage)

Graph of Neonicotinoid use in Yuma melons, vegetables & cotton overlaid on whitefly generations throughout the year. Neonicotinoid bands go from about January to mid May and from August to November for melons, from September through April for vegetables, and early June through mid August for cotton. This is not sustainable use.


Preserve a Neonicotinoid-free Period in Multi-Crop Communities

(e.g., Yuma-Recommended)

Same graph as previous one, but instead of using neonicotinoids, IGRs and conventional chemistry are used in the cotton use period. This leaves four generations of whitefly free of neonicotinoid exposure.


Cross-commodity Guidelines for Neonicotinoids

 

Cotton–intensive community
    • No more than 2 neonicotinoid uses per cotton crop (soil, foliar or seed treatment)

    • Sprays should only be used following an initial IGR applications (Stage II of Whitefly IPM Program)

    • Sprays should not to be applied consecutively, but rotated with conventional chemistries (Stage II or III)



Resistance Risks Associated with Neonicotinoid Uses in a Cotton-intensive Community

(e.g., Buckeye-label max)

Graph showing whitefly generations in a cotton-intensive community. Neonicotinoid use can span from July to late September.

Resistance Risks Associated with Neonicotinoid Uses in a Cotton-intensive Community

(e.g., Buckeye-recommended use )

Same graph as above but the potential neonicotinoid use area has been broken down into three windows of use. One for IGRs, the second for neonicotinoids and the third for pyrethroids.

Resistance Risks Associated with Neonicotinoid Uses in a Cotton-Melon System

(central Arizona- potential use)

Graph showing whitefly generations in a cotton-melon community. Neonicotinoid use can span from July to September in cotton and from April through mid-June and August through November in melons.


Resistance Risks Associated with Neonicotinoid Uses in a Cotton-Melon System

(central Arizona-recommended use)

Same graph as above but the potential neonicotinoid use area in cotton has been broken down into three windows of use. One for IGRs, the second for neonicotinoids and the third for pyrethroids. This leaves 3 and a half generations of whitefly free of neonicotinoid exposure.

 

University of Arizona logo Arizona Crop Information Site logo
  Label Proposed CC Guidelines
Applaud/ Courier 2 uses per crop 1 use / crop, narrowed use window
Assail, Actara, Adage, Provado, Leverage 2-4 uses per crop No use on Cotton in MCC

Limit use in Veg / Melon

No more than 2 nonconsecutive uses in cotton intensive communities, and only after Stage I - IGR

 

Full Disclaimers

Issued in furtherance of Cooperative Extension work, acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, James A. Christenson, Director Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture, The University of Arizona.

The University of Arizona is an equal opportunity, affirmative action institution. The University does not discriminate on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, veteran status, or sexual orientation in its programs and activities.

Because labels are subject to frequent change, always consult the label attached to the product before using any pesticide. The user must assume responsibility for proper application and for residues on crops as well as for damage or injury caused by pesticides, whether to crop, person or property.

Any products, services, or organizations that are mentioned, shown, or indirectly implied in this web document do not imply endorsement by The University of Arizona.

For more information on the material in this document contact:
John C. Palumbo, jpalumbo@ag.arizona.edu Research Scientist (Entomology)
Peter C. Ellsworth, peterell@ag.arizona.edu Specialist, IPM/Entomology
College of Agriculture, The University of Arizona.
Material written March 2002.

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