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IK Photo Log

The University of Arizona
Department of Soil, Water,
and Environmental Science

IK 2012 Field Study Installation
Materials and Methods

In May 2012, the area previously prepared to the southwest of the phase I and II studies, was surveyed and prepared for installation of the Phase III study

aerial view Mat 2011
The phase III area (0.5ac) was ripped in three directions to a depth of 12 in. (38 cm) using a tractor with ripper shanks. The field was then disked in four passes with an agricultural disk to breakup large clods and even out the surface.

Phase III area prior to 2012 land prep  Phase III post ripping

The study area was divided into six strips (20ft x 200ft; 6m x 61m) parallel to the general slope of the area and close to perpendicular to the prevailing winds. Following the application and incorporation of 18000 lbs/ac lime and 15% dairy compost, three of the six strips were planted to a monoculture of quail bush and three were planted to monocultue of buffalo grass, using the same methods as previous seasons. [Table 1, 2, and Fig 1]

hydrated lime  surface after night application of lime

2012 compost delivery  2012 compost application
amendment incoporation   raking compost level

Table 1. Field Study Treatments
Strip
Treatments
% Compost w/w
Monoculture Seeding
lime (lbs/ac)
1
15
seeded
18000
2
15
seeded *
18000
3
15
seeded
18000
4
15
seeded
18000
5
15
seeded *
18000
6
15
seeded
18000
 

Table 2. . Species and Seeding rates for Phase III

Specie  
Seeding Rate
common scientific
lb/ac
kg/ha
Arizona Fescue Festuca arizonica
50
55
Buffalo Grass Buchloe dactyloides
80
88




Quail bush Atriplex lentiformas
37
41




Catclaw Acacia Acacia greggii **  
Mesquite Prosopis juliflora **  
** see description of drip irrigated plantings

Figure 1. Plot layout Phase III

Phase III plot layout

Following seeding straw was scattered over the plot surfaces at a rate of 9800 lbs/ac. The hay was then crimped 4 inches deep into the tailing surface with four banks of 18" agricultural disk blades. Lime, broadcasted seed, and hay applications were conducted at night as high winds during the day made these operations difficult.

Once treatments were completed, field borders were constructed with an 80" border disk. No interior borders were constructed. The finished field study size after completion of the borders was 120ft x 200ft (0.55ac). A sprinkler system was installed to provide irrigation and fence was erected around the study area to to inhibit wildlife grazing. Soil samples from the top 6" were collected from each of 24 subdivisions of the field before and after amemdment addition, to determine pre and post amendment nutrient status.

Field was irrigated every 7 to 10 days in the absence of rainfall. Due to limited water availability the amount of water applied was limited to about 25 to 40 % of the estimated ETr. (See record irrigation and precipitation)

In previous seasons we had very little success establishing mesquite and acacia seed. It is believed that high evaporation rates between irrigation intervals resulted in either poor germination or high mortality rates of germinating seed. In an effort to improve the establishment of these plants a single planting line, 160 ft long, in each monoculture strip,was established to test the effectiveness of drip irrigation to establish mesquite and acacia seed as well as greenhouse grown transplants for all four species used. Along each planting line, offset 5 ft from the center of each strip, a gravity fed drip irrigation line was installed. Mesquite and Acacia seed were planted in 30ft sections of each planting line, shortly after establishing the main strips. Seed were sewn 1" deep, at a distance of 2' apart, 2 seeds per hole for a of total 30 seeds per specie per line. Within each Buffalo Grass strip transplanted mesquite, acacia, and quailbush were planted. Within each Quail Bush strip transplanted mesquite, acacia, and buffalo grass were planted. Transplanted mesquite and acacia were be planted within a 33' lenght at a distance of 6 ft apart for a total of 5 each per strip. Transplanted Quailbush and Buffalgrass were planted within a 34' length at a distance of 5 ft apart for a total of 6 each per strip. Each seeded and transplant position were fitted with a single 0.5 gph dripper. the drip irrigaton was controlled using battery operated timer valves. Irrigation in the absence of rain occurred 2 to 3 times per week for 1 hour, to keep germinating seeds, seedlings, and transplants moist between sprinkler irrigation intervals.

Phase III post stray application  Phase III
phase III transplants  phase III transplants

acacia transplant  buffalo grass transplant

phase III sprinklers  Phase III drip irrigation
A photolog of the field status was recorded with each site visit.
In Sept. 2012 twelve Daubenmire plots, 2 per monoculture strip, were established to evaluate canopy cover and canopy specie composition. In Oct. 2012, soil samples were collected, 3" increments to 9", from each canopy evaluation plot. Soil samples were analyzed for 2:1 pH and EC, TC, organic C, and TN.


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