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Flora and Vegetation of the Tucson Mountains, Pima County, Arizona

Gentianaceae Gentian Family

• *Centaurium calycosum (Buckl.) Fern. Centaury. Local annual; common in moist sand, King Canyon; 915 & 945 m (3000 & 3100 feet); flowers pink, February & May.

Geraniaceae Geranium Family

• *Erodium cicutarium (L.) L'Her. Filaree. Widespread exotic annual; abundant in all communities; 640 & 1430 m (2100 & 4700 feet); flowers lavender, January & May.
• *Erodium texanum Gray. Largeflower stork's bill. Widespread annual; common in spring of 1990 and 1992, uncommon in spring of 1989, on gravelly flats, bajadas, roadsides, and along washes in desertscrub and desert grassland; 640 & 1430 m (2100 & 4700 feet); flowers magenta, February & April.

Gramineae Grass Family

• *Aristida adscensionis L. Six weeks threeawn. Widespread annual; very common on rocky slopes, roadsides, and along washes and canyons in desertscrub and desert grassland; 640 & 1430 m (2100 & 4700 feet); February & April, August & November.
• *Aristida hamulosa Henr. Threeawn spider grass. Widespread perennial; common on rocky slopes in desertscrub and desert grassland; 640 & 1430 m (2100 & 4700 feet); March & April, July & November.
• *Aristida parishii A. S. Hitchc. Threeawn. Scattered perennial; common on rocky slopes and along washes; 760 & 1370 m (2500 & 4350 feet); March.
• +Aristida purpurea Nutt. var. longiseta (Steud.) Vasey. Red threeawn. Local perennial; Flat & top Mt. [Tumamoc Hill] and Tucson Mts. (J. J. Thornber s.n. April 22 & 30 in 1905 & April 1906), April.
• *Aristida purpurea Nutt. var. nealleyi (Vasey) Allred. [A. glauca (Nees) Walp.]. Reverchon threeawn. Widespread perennial; common on rocky slopes in desertscrub and desert grassland; 640 & 1325 m (2100 & 4350 feet); August.
• *Aristida purpurea Nutt. var. purpurea Nutt. Purple threeawn. Widespread perennial; common on roadsides; 640 & 1430 m (2100 & 4700 feet); spikelets reddish, February & April, August & November.
• *Aristida ternipes Cav. Spider grass. Widespread perennial; common on rocky slopes and sandy and gravelly bajadas; 640 & 1325 m (2100 & 4350 feet); February & May, August & November.
• *Arundo donax L. Giant cane. Local exotic perennial; uncommon on seep in King Canyon (removed in October 1990 flood), escape from ASDM grounds; 930 m (3060 feet); September & November.
• *Avena fatua L. Wild oat. Scattered exotic annual; uncommon on rocky slopes and sandy bajadas; 745 & 945 m (2450 & 3100 feet); March & April.
• *Bothriochloa barbinodis (Lag.) Herter. [Andropogon barbinodis Lag.]. Cane beardgrass. Scattered perennial; uncommon on rocky slopes and along washes in desertscrub and desert grassland; 730 & 1430 m (2400 & 4700 feet); May, August & December.
• Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng. King Ranch bluestem. [Andropogon ischaemum L.]. Local exotic perennial; near Earth Sciences Center of ASDM; 865 m (2840 feet).
• *Bouteloua aristidoides (H.B.K.) Griseb. Six weeks needle grama. Widespread annual; uncommon to abundant on rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, and in canyons in desertscrub and desert grassland; 640 & 1310 m (2100 & 4300 feet); August & October.
• *Bouteloua barbata Lag. Six weeks grama. Scattered annual; uncommon on sandy bajadas and along washes; 640 & 810 m (2100 & 2650 feet); August & September.
• *Bouteloua chondrosioides (H.B.K.) Benth. Sprucetop grama. Local perennial; common on rocky slopes in desertscrub and desert grassland, Gates Pass, Oeste Wash, and rare on Wasson Peak; 870 & 1430 m (2850 & 4700 feet); August & November.
• *Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. Sideoats grama. Widespread perennial; very common on rocky and gravelly slopes and in canyons in desertscrub and desert grassland; 670 & 1430 m (2200 & 4700 feet); March & May, July & November.
• *Bouteloua eriopoda (Torr.) Torr. Black grama. Local perennial; common on rocky slopes and in crevices in canyons in desertscrub and desert grassland; King Canyon, Hugh Norris Trail, Oeste Wash, and Wasson Peak; 790 & 1430 m (2600 & 4700 feet); August & November.
• Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Steud. Blue grama. Local perennial; common along Trails End Road; 1005 m (3300 feet); April, August.
• *Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. Hairy grama. Local perennial; very common on north slope in desert grassland, jct. of King Canyon and Sweetwater Trails; 1160 & 1220 m (3800 & 4000 feet); (April) August & October.
• *Bouteloua repens (H.B.K.) Scribn. & Merr. [B. filiformis (Fourn.) Griffiths]. Slender grama. Widespread perennial; very common on rocky slopes and along washes and canyons in desertscrub and desert grassland; 670 & 1430 m (2200 & 4700 feet); February & June, August & December.
• *Bouteloua rothrockii Vasey. Rothrock grama. Local perennial; uncommon on sandy bajadas, roadsides, and along washes, King Canyon, Kinney Road, and Tumamoc Hill; 745 & 885 m (2450 & 2900 feet); August & October.
• *Bouteloua trifida Thurb. Red grama. Scattered perennial; uncommon on rocky slopes, mostly limestone; 640 & 1005 m (2100 & 3300 feet); February & March, August & October.
• *Brachiaria arizonica (Scribn. & Merr.) S. T. Blake. [Panicum arizonicum Scribn. & Merr.]. Arizona panicgrass. Widespread annual; very common on rocky slopes, bajadas, and gravelly bajadas in desertscrub and desert grassland; 640 & 1430 m (2100 & 4700 feet); August & November.
• *Bromus carinatus H. & A. [incl. B. arizonicus (Shear) Stebbins]. Arizona brome. Scattered annual; common on rocky slopes and in shady areas along washes and roadsides; 685 & 975 m (2250 & 3200 feet); March & April.
• Bromus catharticus Vahl. [B. willdenowii Kunth]. Rescue grass. Local exotic annual; rare, along wash near jct. of Picture Rocks and Sandario roads, and base of Tumamoc Hill; 670 & 790 m (2200 & 2600 feet); March & May.
• Bromus diandrus Roth. Local exotic?? annual; common on disturbed roadside 2 miles east of Gates Pass on Speedway Blvd.; 870 m (2850 feet); March & April.
• *Bromus rubens L. Foxtail chess; red brome. Widespread exotic annual; abundant on rocky slopes and gravelly flats in desertscrub and desert grassland; 640 & 1430 m (2100 & 4700 feet); January & May.
• +Bromus tectorum L. Cheat grass; downy chess. Local exotic annual; disturbed area near buildings on Tumamoc Hill (R. M. Turner 79 & 78 in 1979); 815 m (2670 feet); May.
• *Chloris virgata Swartz. Feather fingergrass. Widespread annual; uncommon on rocky slopes in desertscrub and desert grassland; 695 & 1220 m (2280 & 4000 feet); August & October.
• +Cortaderia selloana (Schult.) Asch. & Graebn. Pampas grass. Local exotic perennial; rare, Tumamoc Hill (J. E. Bowers 2969 in 1984); 730 m (2400 feet), escape from cultivation.
• *Cottea pappophoroides Kunth. Cotta grass. Scattered perennial; uncommon on rocky slopes, sandy bajadas, and along washes and canyons; 790 & 1190 m (2600 & 3900 feet); August & November.
• *Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Bermuda grass. Scattered exotic perennial; common in mosit soil along washes, canyons, and roadsides; 700 & 1310 m (2300 & 4300 feet); February & May, August.
• *Digitaria californica (Benth.) Henr. [Trichachne californica (Benth.) Chase]. Arizona cottontop. Widespread perennial; very common on rocky slopes and in canyons in desertscrub and desert grassland; 640 & 1430 m (2100 & 4700 feet); March & May, August & November.
• *Digitaria insularis (L.) Mez ex Ekman. [Trichachne insularis (L.) Nees.]. Sourgrass. Local perennial; rare on rocky slopes and along cliff bases and canyons, Starr's Hill and Trails End Canyon; 980 & 1190 m (3220 & 3900 feet); (May) August & November.
• *Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link. Jungle ricegrass. Scattered exotic annual; uncommon in disturbed areas, often seasonaly wet with fine soil; 715 & 915 m (2340 & 3000 feet); May & October.
• *Elymus elymoides (Raf.) Swezey. [Sitanion hystrix (Nutt.) J. G. Smith]. Squirrel tail. Scattered perennial; uncommon on rocky slopes and gravelly bajadas; 745 & 1325 m (2450 & 4350 feet); March & May.
• Enneapogon cenchroides (Roem. & Schult.) C. E. Hubb. [E. mollis Lehm.]. Local exotic perennial; rare in sandy soil of Oeste Wash; 810 m (2650 feet); October.
• *Enneapogon desvauxii Beauv. Spike pappusgrass. Widespread perennial; common on rocky slopes and gravelly bajadas in desertscrub and desert grassland; 640 & 1430 m (2100 & 4700 feet); February & March, August & November.
• Eragrostis barrelieri Daveau. Mediterranean lovegrass. Local exotic annual; common on disturbed soil, Central Arizona Project right & of & way near Sandario Road and flats west of Tumamoc Hill; 700 & 745 m (2300 & 2450 feet); September & October.
• *Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Vign. & Lutati ex Janchen. Stink grass. Scattered exotic annual; uncommon on rocky slopes, sandy flats, and along washes in desertscrub and desert grassland; 745 & 1430 m (2450 & 4700 feet); August & November.
• Eragrostis curvula (Schrad.) Nees var. conferta Nees. [Eragrostis chloromelas Steud.]. Weeping lovegrass. Local exotic perennial; rare at ASDM; 870 m (2850 feet).
• *Eragrostis echinochloidea Stapf. Lovegrass. Scattered exotic perennial; uncommon on rocky slopes, disturbed soils, and along washes (very common along Central Arizona Project right & of & way in 1992); 700 & 1310 m (2300 & 4300 feet); (April) September & October.
• *Eragrostis intermedia A. S. Hitchc. Plains lovegrass. Local perennial; uncommon on rocky slopes in desertscrub and desert grassland, Radio Towers and Wasson peaks and Starr's Hill; 855 & 1430 m (2800 & 4700 feet); August & November.
• *Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees. Lehmann lovegrass. Widespread exotic perennial; uncommon on gravelly bajadas, disturbed soils, and along sandy washes in desertscrub and desert grassland; 670 & 1430 m (2200 & 4700 feet); February & May, August & November.
• +Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees. Lovegrass. Local annual; mesas, Tucson (J. J. Thornber 5261 in 1903) and in sandy wash northwest of Tumamoc Hill (J. E. Bowers 2711 in 1983); 725 m (2380 feet); July & August.
• Eriochloa acuminata (Presl.) Kunth. [E. gracilis (Fourn.) Hitchc., E. lemmoni Vasey & Scribn. var. gracilis (Fourn.) Gould]. Cupgrass. Local annual; rare, Las Lomas and Tumamoc Hill; 790 m (2600 feet); August & September.
• *Erioneuron pulchellum (H.B.K.) Tateoka. [Tridens pulchellus (H.B.K.) A. S. Hitchc.]. Fluff grass. Widespread annual or perennial; very common on rocky slopes and gravelly bajadas in desertscrub and desert grassland; 640 & 1430 m (2100 & 4700 feet); March & April; August & November.
• *Heteropogon contortus (L.) Beauv. Tanglehead. Widespread perennial; very common on rocky and gravelly slopes and along washes in desertscrub and desert grassland; 670 & 1430 m (2200 & 4700 feet); February & May, August & November.
• *Hilaria belangeri (Steud.) Nash. Curly mesquite grass. Widespread perennial; very common on rocky and gravelly slopes in desertscrub and desert grassland; 685 & 1325 m (2250 & 4350 feet); February & May, July & December.
• Hilaria mutica (Buckl.) Benth. Tobosa. Scattered perennial; uncommon on rocky slopes and sandy bajadas, southeastern part of range; 730 & 1005 m (2400 & 3300 feet); August & November.
• *Hordeum murinum L. ssp. glaucum (Steud.) Tzvel. [H. leporinum Link]. Wild barley. Widespread exotic annual; common on rocky slopes, disturbed soils, and along washes; 685 & 1325 m (2250 & 4350 feet); February & May.
• *Hordeum pusillum Nutt. Little barley. Local annual; common on disturbed soils, rocky ridge tops, and shaded areas along washes, Safford Canyon, Speedway Blvd., and Tumamoc Hill; 700 & 930 m (2300 & 3050 feet); March & April.
• Lamarckia aurea (L.) Moench. Goldentop. Local exotic annual; mesas, Tucson (Mrs. J. J. Thornber s.n. in March 1903), Starr's Hill area (M. McClaran 1992).
• *Leptochloa dubia (H.B.K.) Nees. Green sprangletop. Scattered perennial; uncommon on rocky slopes and along washes and canyons in desertscrub and desert grassland; 790 & 1430 m (2600 & 4700 feet); August & November.
• +Leptochloa fascicularis (Lam.) Gray. Beaded sprangletop. Local annual; in water at edge of clay quarry, west of Tumamoc Hill (J. E. Bowers 2716 in 1983); 745 m (2450 feet); August.
• *Leptochloa filiformis (Lam.) Beauv. Red sprangletop. Widespread annual; common on rocky slopes and along sandy washes in desertscrub and desert grassland; 670 & 1325 m (2200 & 4350 feet); August & November.
• *Leptochloa uninervia (Presl.) A. S. Hitchc. Mexican sprangletop. Local annual; rare below dam in King Canyon; 915 m (3000 feet); August.
• Lycurus setosus (Nutt.) C. G. Reeder. [L. phleoides H.B.K. var. glaucifolius Beal]. Wolftail. Local perennial; rare on rocky slopes and in canyons, Gatuño Canyon and Starr's Hill; 915 & 990 m (3000 & 3250 feet); July & November.
• *Muhlenbergia emersleyi Vasey. Bull grass. Local perennial; common on rocky slopes in desertscrub and desert grassland at Wasson Peak and Starr's Hill, rare beside Sweetwater Trail and Safford Peak; 810 & 1340 m (2650 & 4400 feet); October & November.
• *Muhlenbergia microsperma (DC.) Kunth. Littleseed muhly. Scattered annual; common on rocky slopes and along washes; 745 & 1325 m (2450 & 4350 feet); October & May.
• *Muhlenbergia monticola Buckl. Mesa muhly. Local perennial/annual; rare on steep rhyolitic slope along King Canyon trail in desert grassland; 1375 m (4520 feet); September.
• *Muhlenbergia porteri Scribn. Bush muhly. Widespread perennial; very common on rocky slopes and along washes and canyons in desertscrub and desert grassland; 640 & 1430 m (2100 & 4700 feet); March & May, August & November.
• *Muhlenbergia rigens (Benth.) A. S. Hitchc. Deer grass. Local perennial; uncommon, King and Sweetwater canyons; 915 & 1070 m (3000 & 3500 feet); (March) October & November.
• Panicum hirticaule Presl. [P. capillare L. var. hirticaule (Presl.) Gould]. Witchgrass. Scattered annual; common on rocky slopes, bajadas, and along washes; 640 & 1325 m (2100 & 4350 feet); August & September.
• Panicum miliaceum L. Broomcorn millet. Local exotic annual; uncommon in disturbed areas near buildings, Las Lomas, 10 mi. west of Tucson, escape from bird feed; 790 & 825 m (2600 & 2700 feet); August & October.
• Panicum obtusum H.B.K. Vine mesquite. Local perennial; common along rocky drainages, Gatuño Canyon and Starr's Hill; 885 m (2900 feet); August & October.
• *Pappophorum vaginatum Buckl. [P. mucronulatum Nees.]. Pappus grass. Scattered perennial; common along washes and canyons, uncommon on ridge tops; 670 & 975 m (2200 & 3200 feet); August & November.
• *Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link. Buffel grass. Scattered exotic perennial; common on rocky slopes, bajadas, roadsides, and along washes; 670 & 855 m (2200 & 2800 feet); (May) August & November.
• *Pennisetum setaceum (Forsk.) Chiov. Fountain grass. Scattered exotic perennial; common along roadsides, washes and canyons, escape from cultivation; 640 & 1150 m (2100 & 3760 feet); February & May, August & December.
• *Phalaris minor Retz. Littleseed canary grass. Local exotic annual; uncommon on steep rocky slopes, disturbed soils, and along washes, Gates Pass, Safford Peak area, and Tumamoc Hill; 715 & 990 m (2350 & 3250 feet); April.
• Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud. [P. communis Trin.]. Common reed. Local perennial; uncommon in moist soil in clay pit northwest of Tumamoc Hill; 745 m (2450 feet).
• *Poa bigelovii Vasey & Scribn. Bigelow's bluegrass. Widespread annual; common on rocky slopes, bajadas, gravelly flats, and in canyons; 685 & 1005 m (2250 & 3300 feet); February & April.
• *Polypogon monspeliensis (L.) Desf. Rabbitfoot grass. Local exotic annual; uncommon in moist soil, King Canyon, Las Lomas, and Tumamoc Hill; 745 & 945 m (2450 & 3100 feet); April & May.
• *Rhynchelytrum repens (Willd.) C.E. Hubb. [R. roseum Nees]. Natal grass. Scattered exotic perennial; uncommon on rocky slopes, roadsides, and in canyons; 730 & 990 m (2400 & 3250 feet); spikelets pink or white, February & March, August & December.
• *Schismus barbatus (L.) Thell. [incl. S. arabicus Nees]. Mediterranean grass. Widespread exotic annual; very common in wet springs on rocky slopes, bajadas, and gravelly flats in desertscrub and desert grassland; 640 & 1310 m (2100 & 4300 feet); January & April.
• Scleropogon brevifolius Phil. Burro grass. Local perennial; common on gentle north slope, Starr's Hill; 990 m (3240 feet); September & October.
• Setaria adhaerans (Forssk.) Chiov. Bur bristlegrass. Local exotic perennial; common on disturbed soils, ASDM, Las Lomas, and near St. Mary's Hospital; 715 & 870 m (2350 & 2850 feet); September & December.
• +Setaria arizonica Roem. Local annual; 10 miles west of Tucson on San Joaquin Road (A. E. Garwood 4725 in October 1974); 805m (2640 feet).
• *Setaria grisebachii Fourn. Grisebach bristlegrass. Local annual; common on rocky north slopes in desertscrub and desert grassland, Radio Towers and Wasson peaks and Sweetwater Trail; 640 & 1400 m (2100 & 4600 feet); August & November.
• *Setaria leucopila (Scribn. & Merr.) K. Schum. [S. macrostachya H.B.K. in part]. Bristlegrass. Widespread perennial; common on rocky slopes and along washes and canyons; 640 & 1430 m (2100 & 4700 feet); (April) August & November.
• Setaria liebmannii Fourn. Bristlegrass. Scattered annual; uncommon on rocky slopes, roadsides, and in canyons; 790 & 1035 m (2600 & 3400 feet); August & November.
• *Setaria macrostachya H.B.K. Plains bristlegrass. Scattered perennial; common on rocky slopes and along washes; 640 & 1005 m (2100 & 3300 feet); (April) August & October.
• Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Johnson grass. Scattered exotic perennial; common on roadsides and disturbed areas; 715 & 885 m (2350 & 2900 feet); April and July & September.
• *Sporobolus airoides Torr. Alkali sacaton. Local perennial; uncommon along washes, Picture Rocks Retreat Wash; 760 m (2500 feet); August.
• *Sporobolus contractus A. S. Hitchc. Spike dropseed. Scattered perennial; uncommon on rocky slopes, roadsides, and along washes; 715 & 825 m (2350 & 2700 feet); October.
• *Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray. Sand dropseed. Local perennial; uncommon on rocky and gravelly slopes, disturbed areas, and along washes on Speedway Blvd. and Tumamoc Hill; 885 & 975m (2900 & 3200 feet); April & May, August & November.
• *Sporobolus wrightii Munro ex Scribn. Sacaton. Local perennial; common along washes, King Canyon, Oeste Wash, and Tumamoc Hill; 745 & 975 m (2450 & 3200 feet); August & September.
• *Stipa speciosa Trin. & Rupr. Desert needlegrass. Local perennial; rare on rocky north slopes, Panther and Safford peaks; 945 m (3100 feet); March & April.
• Tridens eragrostoides (Vasey & Scribn.) Nash. Local perennial; rare along wash, Oeste Wash and Sonoran Desert Station; 825 & 855 m (2700 & 2800 feet); September & November.
• *Tridens muticus (Torr.) Nash. Slim tridens. Widespread perennial; common on rocky slopes, bajadas, and along washes in desertscrub and desert grassland; 640 & 1430 m (2100 & 4700 feet); March & April, August & November.
• +Trisetum interruptum Buckl. Prairie trisetum. Local annual; Tucson Mts. (J. J. Thornber s.n. April in 1905 & 1906), along road to top of Tumamoc Hill (L. J. Toolin 1934 in 1983), moist soil near Tumamoc Hill landfill (R. M. Turner & J. E. Bowers 2211 in 1983); 745 & 760 m (2450 & 2500 feet); March & April.
• *Tritecum aestivum L. Wheat. Local exotic annual; rare along north side of Mile Wide Road in SNM; 750 & 760 m (3460 & 2530 feet); March.
• *Vulpia microstachys (Nutt.) Benth. var. ciliata (Beal) Lonard & Gould. [Festuca microstachys Nutt. var. ciliata Beal, F. eastwoodiae Piper, F. grayi (Abrams) Piper.] Small fescue. Local annual; uncommon on rocky slopes, Safford Canyon and Peak, and Sweetwater Trail; 885 & 975 m (2400 & 3200 feet); March & April, August.
• +Vulpia myuros (L.) K. C. Gmelin. [Festuca myuros L.]. Rattail fescue. Local exotic annual; about corral and on the mesas, 12 miles northwest of Tucson (J. J. Thornber s.n. in March 1906 & 1907); March.
• *Vulpia octoflora (Walt.) Rydb. [Festuca octoflora Walt.]. Sixweeks fescue. Widespread annual; common on rocky slopes in desertscrub and desert grassland; 640 & 1325 m (2100 & 4350 feet); February & April.

Hydrophyllaceae Water leaf Family

• *Eucrypta chrysanthemifolia (Benth.) Greene. Torrey eucrypta. Widespread annual; common (very common in 1992) on rocky slopes, often under shade of trees and boulders; 670 & 1035 m (2200 & 3400 feet); flowers lavender, sometimes white, February & April.
• *Eucrypta micrantha (Torr.) Heller. Smallflower eucrypta. Widespread annual; common on rocky slopes, often under shade of trees and boulders; 640 & 1220 m (2100 & 4000 feet); flowers lavender, sometimes white, February & April.
• *Nama demissum Gray. Purple mat. Local annual; common in washes, Ez & kim & in & zin picnic area; 885 & 990 m (2900 & 3250 feet); flowers purple with yellow throat, February & April.
• *Nama hispidum Gray. Sand bells. Local annual; uncommon on flats, bajadas, and along washes, west of Gates Pass Road, Sweetwater Trail, and flats west of Tumamoc Hill; 745 & 825 m (2450 & 2700 feet); flowers purple with yellow throat, February & April.
• Phacelia affinis Gray. Purple bell phacelia, caterpillar weed. Local annual; Tucson Mts. (D. Griffiths 2486 in 1901), west of Tumamoc Hill along margin of large wash (D. K. Warren & R. M. Turner 68 & 96 in 1968), Anklam wash (S. Friedman s.n. in 1991); 750 m (2460 feet); flowers pale lavender or whitish with yellow throat, March & April.
• *Phacelia bombycina Woot. & Standl. [Phacelia crenulata Torr. sensu K. & P. in part]. Caterpillar weed. Widespread annual; uncommon on rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, and roadsides in desertscrub and desert grassland; 670 & 1430 m (2200 & 4700 feet); flowers purple, February & April.
• Phacelia campanularia Gray. Desert Canterbury bells. Local exotic annual; uncommon, on disturbed area near Anklam Road, wash east of Starr Pass development, and flats west of Tumamoc Hill near Greasewood Road, escape from cultivation; 760 m (2500 feet); flowers blue, March & April.
• *Phacelia coerulea Greene. Caterpillar weed. Scattered annual; common on rocky slopes and along washes; 730 & 1035 m (2400 & 3400 feet); flowers purple, February & April; Northern, Mojave Desert, narrow.
• *Phacelia distans Benth. Caterpillar weed. Widespread annual; very common (abundant in 1992) on rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, and along washes and roadsides, often under trees and bushes in desertscrub and desert grassland; 670 & 1430 m (2200 & 4700 feet); flowers purple, February & May.
• Phacelia popei Torr. & Gray var. arizonica (Gray) Voss [P. arizonica Gray]. Caterpillar weed. Local annual; very common in 1991 but rare in 1992 in creosotebush flats off of Pima Farms Road (1991) and mesas, Tucson (Mrs. J. J. Thornber 4013 in 1903); 655 m (2150 feet); flowers pale lavender or white, March & April.
• *Pholistoma auritum (Lindl.) Lilja. Widespread annual; common under shade of trees and boulders on rocky slopes and along washes and canyons; 715 & 1325 m (2350 & 4350 feet); flowers purple, February & April (October).

Krameriaceae Ratany Family

• *Krameria erecta Willd. [K. parvifolia Benth.]. Range ratany. Widespread subshrub; common at the higher elevations on rocky slopes and gravelly bajadas in desertscrub and desert grassland; 700 & 1430 m (2300 & 4700 feet); flowers magenta, April & June, August & November.
• *Krameria grayi Rose & Paintermediate. White ratany. Widespread subshrub; common on rocky slopes and gravelly bajadas; 640 & 1325 m (2100 & 4350 feet); flowers magenta, March & June, August.

Labiatae Mint Family

• *Hedeoma nanum (Torr.) Briq. Mock pennyroyal. Local annual or perennial herb; rare, Greasewood Park and Wasson Peak; 760 m (2500 feet), 1415 m (4650 feet); flowers light purple, April, November.
• *Hyptis emoryi Torr. Desert lavender. Widespread shrub; uncommon on rocky slopes and along canyons, very common on granitic slopes; 640 & 1310 m (2100 & 4300 feet); flowers light purple, August & May.
• Lamium amplexicaule L. Henbit. Local exotic annual; rare, near buildings, Las Lomas; 790 m (2600 feet); flowers purple, February.
• Molucella laevis L. Shell flower, bells of Ireland. Local exotic annual; rare in wash near Oxbow Road and flats west of Tumamoc Hill; 715 & 730 m (2350 & 2400 feet); flowers white tipped with pink, March & April.
• *Salvia columbariae Benth. Chia. Widespread annual; common in wet springs on gravelly bajadas and along washes in desertscrub and desert grassland; 670 & 1430 m (2200 & 4700 feet); flowers deep purple, February & April.
• *Salvia pinguifolia (Fern.) Woot. & Standl. Rock sage. Local shrub; uncommon on steep, rocky, north slopes in desert grassland, Radio Towers and Wasson peaks; 1160 & 1430 m (3800 & 4700 feet); flowers light purple, August & November.
• Teucrium cubense Jacq. Small coast germander. Local annual, uncommon among watered areas near Ajo Way and Tucson Estates Parkway and sandy wash west of Tumamoc Hill; 745 & 780 m (2450 & 2550 feet); flowers white, March.

Leguminosae Pea Family

• Acacia angustissima (Mill.) Kuntze. White ball acacia, fern acacia. Local subshrub; rare on steep rocky slopes and drainages, southeast of Gates Pass; 730 & 945 m (2400 & 3100 feet); flowers pale yellow, July & September.
• *Acacia constricta Benth. Whitethorn acacia. Widespread shrub; very common on rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, and along washes and canyons in desertscrub and desert grassland; 670 & 1430 m (2200 & 4700 feet); flowers bright yellow, April & October.
• Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. [A. minuta (M. E. Jones) Beauch., A. smallii Isely]. Sweet acacia, huisache. Local shrub; just south of ASDM, on Kinney Road, escape from cultivation; 855 m (2800 feet); flowers yellow, fragrant, March.
• *Acacia greggii Gray. Catclaw acacia. Widespread shrub; very common on rocky slopes, and along washes and canyons in desertscrub and desert grassland; 670 & 1430 m (2200 & 4700 feet); flowers yellow & white, March & August (November).
• Astragalus allochrous Gray var. playanus (M. E. Jones) Isely. [A. wootonii Sheldon]. Locoweed. Local annual; uncommon on flats, north of Ajo Way near Central Arizona Project water treatment plant and west of Tumamoc Hill; 745 & 775 m (2450 & 2540 feet); flowers purple or white, March & May.
• *Astragalus arizonicus Gray. Local herbaceous perennial; uncommon on old road beside King Canyon and Sweetwater Trail; 1130 m (3700 feet); flowers purple with white center, April.
• *Astragalus didymocarpus H. & A. var. dispermus (Gray) Jeps. Local annual; uncommon on disturbed flats along Rudasill Road, west of Sandario Road near Manville Road, and junction of Sandario and Picture Rocks Road; 655 & 700 m (2150 & 2300 feet); flowers purple, April.
• *Astragalus lentiginosus Dougl. var. australis Barneby. Locoweed. Scattered herbaceous perennial; common on sandy bajadas, flats, and along washes in desertscrub; 670 & 1100 m (2200 & 3600 feet); flowers purple, February & May.
• *Astragalus nuttallianus DC. var. austrinus (Small) Barneby. Locoweed. Scattered annual; common on rocky slopes and gravelly bajadas; 730 & 1310 m (2400 & 4300 feet); flowers purple, February & April.
• Caesalpinia gilliesii Wall. Yellow bird & of & paradise. Local exotic shrub; uncommon on bajada, along Anklam Road west of Greasewood Road and west of Tumamoc Hill, escape fromamp; September (April).
• Cassia artemisioides Gaud. Feathery cassia. Local exotic shrub; rare on roadsides, roadcut across Speedway Blvd. from Las Lomas, escape from cultivation; 745 & 790 m (2450 & 2600 feet); flowers yellow, March & April.
• *Cercidium floridum Benth. Blue paloverde. Scattered tree; common along roadsides and large washes; 640 & 975 m (2100 & 3200 feet); flowers yellow, March & May (October).
• Cercidium floridum Benth. x Parkinsonia aculeata L. Hybrid paloverde.


Local tree; rare at jct. of Bilby and Cardinal roads, (plant destroyed, but in cultivation at ASDM); 775 m (2540 feet); flowers yellow.

• *Cercidium microphyllum (Torr.) Rose & Johnst. Foothills paloverde. Widespread tree; abundant on rocky slopes and gravelly bajadas; 640 & 1400 m (2100 & 4600 feet); flowers yellow with one white petal, (January, September) April & June.
• Cercidium microphyllum (Torr.) Rose & Johnst. X Parkinsonia aculeata L. Hybrid paloverde. Local tree; rare in disturbed areas, Old Tucson, and Speedway Blvd. 1/2 mile east of Las Lomas; 780 & 790 m (2550 & 2600 feet); flowers yellow, May, July.
• *Coursetia glandulosa Gray. [C. microphylla Gray]. Baby bonnets. Local shrub; very common along washes, especially King Canyon, Panther Peak area, and near Trails End Road; 715 & 975 m (2350 & 3200 feet); flowers white, yellow, and pink, March & May, November.
• Dalea grayi (Vail) L. O. Williams. Local herbaceous perennial; rare on ridgetop of Starr's Hill; 870 & 975 m (2850 & 3200 feet); flowers purple, May.
• Dalea neomexicana (Gray) Cory. Local herbaceous perennial; common onsandy and gravelly disturbed soil, 22nd Street and Trails End Road; 745 & 855 m (2450 & 2800 feet); flowers white with crimson tip, February & April, August.
• *Dalea pogonathera Gray. Hierba del corazon. Local herbaceous perennial; common on Starr's Hill and Sweetwater Trail, uncommon in Gates Pass area; 790 & 1160 m (2600 & 3800 feet); flowers purple, April, August & September, December.
• Dalea pringlei Gray. Pringle indigo bush. Local herbaceous perennial; common on rocky slopes, and sandy banks, Oeste Wash and Starr's Hill; 790 & 960 m (2600 & 3150 feet); flowers purple, February & April, August & October.
• *Dalea wrightii Gray. Local herbaceous perennial; common on rocky slopes and ridge top in Wasson Peak area; 1425 m (4680 feet); flowers yellow, (April) September & November.
• Desmanthus covillei (Britt. & Rose) Wiggins ex Turner. Bundleflower. Local herbaceous perennial; rare in rocky canyons and drainages, Gates Pass, Oeste Wash, and Trails End Canyon; 840 & 1190 m (2750 & 3900 feet); flowers pale yellow, August & September.
• *Desmodium procumbens (Mill.) A. S. Hitchc. var. exigua (A. Gray) Shubert. Scattered annual; abundant in wet summers at cliff bases, Gates Pass, Hugh Norris Trail, and Rillito Peak, rare to common elsewhere; 640 & 1325 m (2100 & 4350 feet); flowers light pink, August & November.
• *Galactia wrightii Gray. Local herbaceous perennial; abundant on rocky slopes and along washes, Starr's Hill area, uncommon in Sweetwater Canyon; 790 & 975 m (2600 & 3200 feet); flowers light purple, July & October.
• *Hoffmanseggia glauca (Ort.) Eifeort. [H. densiflora Benth.]. Hog potato. Local herbaceous perennial; very common on disturbed sandy roadside, ca. 1 mile west of Picture Rocks Pass; 685 & 760 m (2250 & 2490 feet); flowers yellow, April & May, August.
• +Lotus greenei (Woot. & Standl.) Ottley. Deer vetch. Local herbaceous perennial; Tumamoc Hill (A. L. Hinckley s.n. in March 1931); flowers yellow with pink on back, March.
• *Lotus humistratus Greene. Hill locust. Scattered annual; common on rocky slopes and gravelly bajadas in desertscrub and desert grassland; 655 & 1310 m (2150 & 4300 feet); flowers yellow, February & April.
• *Lotus rigidus (Benth.) Greene. Desert rock pea. Local herbaceous perennial; common on rocky slopes in desert grassland, Hugh Norris Trail; 1130 & 1250 m (3700 & 4100 feet); flowers yellow with red veins, February & March (November).
• Lotus salsuginosus Greene. var. brevivexillus Ottley. [L. humilis Greene]. Deer vetch. Local annual; southeast side of Safford Peak and Silverbell Road at Rattlesnake Pass; 760 & 825 m (2500 & 2700 feet); flowers yellow, March & June.
• *Lotus strigosus (Nutt.) Greene var. tomentellus (Greene) Isely. [Lotus tomentellus Greene]. Hairy deer vetch. Scattered annual; uncommon on flats and along washes; 700 & 1310 m (2300 & 4300 feet); flowers yellow, February & April, August & December.
• *Lupinus concinnus Agardh. Elegant lupine. Local (scattered in 1992) annual; uncommon (common in 1992) on rocky slopes and bajadas in desertscrub and desert grassland, Ez & kim & in & zin picnic area, Hugh Norris Trail, west of Sandario Road, and Tumamoc Hill; 655 & 1340 m (2150 & 4400 feet); flowers deep pink, February & April.
• *Lupinus sparsiflorus Benth. Arizona lupine. Widespread annual; very common on rocky slopes, roadsides, and along washes in desertscrub and desert grassland; 670 & 1340 m (2200 & 4400 feet); flowers purple, February & May.
• *Marina parryi (T. & G.) Barneby. [Dalea parryi T. & G.]. Parry dalea. Widespread herbaceous perennial or annual; very common on rocky slopes and roadsides in desertscrub and desert grassland; 670 & 1430 m (2200 & 4700 feet); flowers purple, August & May.
• Medicago polymorpha L. var. vulgaris (Benth.) Shinners. [M. hispida Gaertn.]. Bur clover. Local exotic annual; roadside at Las Lomas, Oeste Wash, and in moist area near building on Tumamoc Hill; 810 & 815 m (2650 & 2670 feet); flowers yellow, March.
• *Medicago sativa L. Alfalfa. Local exotic herbaceous perennial; uncommon on roadsides, Ajo Way and Picture Rocks Road near Camboh picnic area; 760 & 870 m (2500 & 2850 feet); flowers purple, April & May.
• *Melilotus indicus (L.) All. Alfalfilla. Local exotic annual; uncommon on disturbed areas, ASDM, King Canyon, Tumamoc Hill landfill, and Anklam Road near Pima Community College; 745 & 915 m (2450 & 3000 feet); flowers yellow, March, September.
• *Mimosa aculeaticarpa Ortega var. biuncifera (Benth.) Barneby. [M. biuncifera (Benth.) Britt. & Rose]. Wait & a & minute bush. Local shrub; rare to abundant on rocky slopes and along canyons, north of Cat Mt. and Safford Canyon; 760 & 975 m (2500 & 3200 feet); flowers white, April, August & October.
• Mimosa distachya Brandegee var. laxiflora (Benth.) Barneby. [M. laxiflora Benth.] Gatuño, garabatillo. Local shrub; common on rocky slopes, north of Cat Mt. to Gates Pass area; 885 & 1035 m (2900 & 3400 feet); flowers pink, August & October.
• *Nissolia schottii (Torr.) Gray. Widespread woody vine, climbing on shrubs; uncommon to common on rocky slopes and along washes; 715 & 1430 m (2350 & 4700 feet); flowers yellow, August, November.
• *Olneya tesota Gray. Ironwood. Widespread tree; very common on rocky slopes and bajadas, and along washes and canyons; 670 & 975 m (2200 & 3200 feet); flowers purple with white, March & June.
• Parkinsonia aculeata L. Mexican paloverde. Scattered tree; rare on roadsides, disturbed soils, and along washes, escape from cultivation; 790 m (2600 feet); flowers yellow, April & June (August, November).
• *Phaseolus acutifolius Gray var. latifolius Freeman. Tepary bean. Local annual vine; rare in disturbed desertscrub, Tohono O'odham Indian saguaro fruit harvest area, escaped cultivar; 715 m (2340 feet); flowers lavender, August & September.
• *Phaseolus acutifolius Gray. var. tenuifolius Gray. Wild bean. Local annual vine; rare on steep, rocky, north slopes, Sweetwater Trail and Wasson Peak; 1115 & 1340 m (3650 & 4400 feet); flowers lavender, August & September.
• *Phaseolus filiformis Benth. [P. wrightii Gray]. Local herbaceous annual or perennial vine; uncommon to common on rocky slopes and in canyon bottoms in the northern part of the range; 790 & 915 m (2600 & 3000 feet); flowers pink, (November) February & April.
• *Prosopis velutina Woot. Velvet mesquite. Widespread tree; abundant along washes, uncommon on slopes and bajadas in desertscrub and desert grassland; 640 & 1430 m (2100 & 4700 feet); flowers pale yellow, April & June, August.
• *Rhynchosia senna Gill. [R. texana T. & G.]. Rosary bean. Local herbaceous perennial vine; common on rocky slopes, north of Gates Pass, Rattlesnake Pass, Sweetwater Trail, and Wasson Peak; 730 & 1430 m (2400 & 4700 feet); flowers yellow, August & November.
• *Senna bauhinioides (Gray) Irwin & Barneby. [Cassia bauhinioides Gray]. Twoleaf desert senna. Local herbaceous perennial; rare on Wasson Peak and mesas, Tucson (J. J. Thornber s.n. in December 1902 and May 1903); 1430 m (4685 feet); flowers yellow, May, August & September.
• *Senna covesii (Gray) Irwin & Barneby. [Cassia covesii Gray]. Desert senna. Widespread herbaceous perennial; common on gravelly bajadas and roadsides, uncommon on rocky slopes in desertscrub and desert grassland; 640 & 1430 m (2100 & 4700 feet); flowers yellow, March & May, August & November.
• Sphinctospermum constrictum (Wats.) Rose. Local annual; rare on rocky slopes and in canyons and washes, northeast of Gates Pass, Oeste Wash, Starr's Hill, and Tumamoc Hill; 810 & 975 m (2650 & 3200 feet); flowers green and gray & purple, August & October.
• Tephrosia tenella Gray. Local herbaceous perennial or annual; common on rocky slopes, Starr's Hill area; 840 & 990 m (2750 & 3250 feet); flowers violet, January, April & May, August & November.
• *Vicia ludoviciana Nutt. [V. exigua Nutt.]. Vetch. Scattered annual vine, climbing on shrubs; common on rocky slopes and along washes; 810 & 975 m (2650 & 3200 feet); flowers purple, March & April.

Liliaceae Lily Family

• *Allium macropetalum Rydb. Wild onion. Scattered herbaceous perennial; common on rocky slopes and gravelly bajadas; 685 & 1070 m (2250 & 3500 feet); flowers light pink or white, February & April.
• *Calochortus kennedyi Porter. Desert mariposa lily. Scattered herbaceous perennial; very common on rocky slopes, on ridge near Gatuña Canyon, Starr's Hill area (in wet years only), ridge south of Safford Canyon and Sweetwater Trail; 730 & 1160 m (2400 & 3800 feet); flowers orange, March & April.
• *Dichelostemma pulchellum (Salisb.) Heller. Bluedick. Widespread herbaceous perennial; very common on rocky slopes in desertscrub and desert grassland; 670 & 1325 m (2200 & 4350 feet); flowers purple, occasionally albino (Sweetwater and King canyons, Tumamoc Hill), February & April.
• *Zephyranthes longifolia Hemsl. Rain lily. Local herbaceous perennial; abundant in some years (1989) on rocky slopes in desert grassland, Wasson Peak area; 1220 & 1430 m (4000 & 4700 feet); flowers yellow, July & October.

Linaceae Flax Family

• *Linum grandiflorum Desf. Flax. Local exotic annual?; rare on northside of Mile Wide Road in desertscrub; 790 m (2600 feet); flowers red, March.
• *Linum lewisii Pursh. Blue flax. Local annual or perennial; rare on rocky slopes, Gates Pass Road (TMP), near Greasewood and 22nd Street, Picture Rocks Pass, gravelly flat north of Starr's Hill, and east of Sweetwater Trail head; 755 & 910 m (2480 & 2980 feet); flowers blue, March & April.
• Linum puberulum (Engelm.) Heller. Local annual; single plant on flats of Tumamoc Hill near 22nd Street; 745 m (2450 feet); flowers orange, April.

Loasaceae Stickleaf Family

• *Mentzelia affinis Greene. Blazing star, stickleaf. Widespread annual; common on rocky slopes, roadsides, and along washes and canyons in desertscrub and desert grassland; 715 & 1310 m (2340 & 4300 feet); flowers yellow, February & April.
• *Mentzelia albicaulis Dougl. Smallflower blazing star. Local annual; uncommon on gravelly bajadas and along washes, Ez & kim & in & zin picnic area, King Canyon, and Tumamoc Hill; 730 & 975 m (2400 & 3200 feet); flowers yellow, March.
• *Mentzelia jonesii (U. & G.) Thompson & Roberts. [M. nitens Greene var. jonesii (Urban & Gilg.) J. Darl.]. Blazing star. Local annual; common on steep rocky slopes and in canyons, along Anklam Road, Hugh Norris Trail, King Canyon, and Tumamoc Hill; 825 & 1160 m (2700 & 3800 feet); flowers yellow, February & April.
• Mentzelia multiflora (Nutt.) Gray. ssp. multiflora. [M. pumila (Nutt.) T. & G. var. multiflora Urban & Gilg.]. Stickleaf. Scattered annual; uncommon on roadsides and disturbed soils; 730 & 790 m (2400 & 2600 feet); flowers yellow, March & May, August & September.
• *Mentzelia texana Urb. & Gilb. [M. asperula Woot. & Standl.]. Blazing star. Local annual; uncommon on steep rocky slope, Sweetwater Trail; 1120 m (3680 feet); flowers yellow, August & September.

Malpighiaceae Malpighia Family

• *Janusia gracilis Gray. Desert vine. Widespread woody vine (somestimes a subshrub) often climbing on shrubs, very common on rocky slopes and gravelly bajadas in desertscrub and desert grassland; 640 & 1430 m (2100 & 4700 feet); flowers yellow, March & May, July & November.

Malvaceae Mallow Family

• *Abutilon abutiloides (Jacq.) Strong. [A. californicum Benth. sensu K. & P.]. Indian mallow. Local herbaceous perennial; rare beside wash, 3/4 mile west of Red Hills Information Center (1990) and Snyder Hill (J. J. Thornber s.n. in April 1908); 760 m (2500 feet); flowers yellow, August.
• *Abutilon incanum (Link) Sweet. Indian mallow, pelotazo. Widespread subshrub; very common on rocky slopes in desertscrub and desert grassland; 670 & 1325 m (2200 & 4350 feet); flowers yellow or cream with maroon basal spot, pinkish on outside; March & April, August & November.
• *Abutilon malacum Wats. Indian mallow. Scattered subshrub; common on rocky slopes, especially on limestone; 670 & 975 m (2200 & 3200 feet); flowers orange & yellow, (April) August & November.
• *Abutilon parishii Wats. Pima indian mallow. Scattered herbaceous perennial; rare to uncommon on rocky slopes and among boulders in steep canyons and drainages, Amole Peak, Gates Pass, Golden Gate Peak, Hugh Norris Trail, Panther Peak, Radio Towers Peak, Sweetwater Canyon, and Wasson Peak; 975 & 1335 m (3050 & 4600 feet); flowers yellow & orange, March & April, August & December.
• *Abutilon parvulum Gray. Indian mallow. Local herbaceous perennial; rare on rocky slopes in desert grassland, Radio Towers and Wasson peaks area; 1100 & 1400 m (3600 & 4600 feet); flowers golden yellow, not pink or brick & red as reported by J. Fryxell (1983) or P. Fryxell (1988), April & May, August & October.
• Anoda pentaschista Gray. Local annual; uncommon on rocky slopes, Tumamoc Hill; 815 m (2670 feet); flowers yellow, August & November.
• +Eremalche exilis (Gray) Greene. [Malvastrum exile Gray]. Local annual; mesas, Tucson (J. J. Thornber 4884, 5326 in 1903 & 1905), Rattlesnake Pass (L. Benson 10622 in 1941); 760 m (2500 feet); flowers whitish to pink or lavender, March & April.
• *Herissantia crispa (L.) Brizicky. [Gayoides crispum (L.) Small]. Widespread herbaceous perennial or subshrub; very common on rocky slopes and in canyons in desertscrub and desert grassland; 640 & 1430 m (2100 & 4700 feet); flowers pale orange, fading, August & May.
• *Hibiscus biseptus Wats. Sonoran rose mallow. Local herbaceous perennial; uncommon on rocky slopes in desertscrub and desert grassland, Hugh Norris Trail, Radio Towers and Wasson peaks, and Rattlesnake Pass; 730 & 1430 m (2400 & 4700 feet); flowers yellow, September & November.
• *Hibiscus coulteri Harv. Desert rose mallow. Widespread subshrub; common on rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, and along canyons, often among shrubs; 670 & 1340 m (2200 & 4400 feet); flowers yellow, February & May, July & November.
• *Hibiscus denudatus Benth. Rock rose mallow. Widespread subshrub; common on rocky slopes and gravelly bajadas, abundant on King Canyon Trail; 670 & 1340 m (2200 & 4400 feet); flowers lavender; March & May, August & November.
• *Horsfordia newberryi (Wats.) Gray. Yellow felt plant. Local shrub; rare on rocky slopes, northwest of Picture Rocks Pass and Safford Canyon; 855 & 885 m (2900 feet); flowers yellow, November, February.
• Malva parviflora L. Little mallow. Scattered exotic annual or biennial; common on roadsides and disturbed areas; 730 & 1430 m (2400 & 4700 feet); flowers pink, March & April.
• Malvastrum bicuspidatum (Wats.) Rose. Malva peluda, Tachi. Local subshrub; rare in rocky canyon, Trails End Canyon; 1035 & 1190m (3400 & 3900 feet); flowers yellow, September.
• *Sida abutifolia Miller. [S. filicaulis T. & G., S. procumbens Sw.]. Scattered herbaceous perennial; uncommon on rocky slopes and gravelly bajadas in desertscrub and desert grassland; 745 & 1415 m (2450 & 4650 feet); flowers yellow, February & April, August & December.
• Sida physocalyx Gray. [Rhynchosida physocalyx (Gray) Fryxell]. Tuberous sida. Local herbaceous perennial; uncommon on gravelly bajadas, disturbed soils, and along washes, Oeste Wash, near Old Tucson, and Tumamoc Hill; 745 & 1035 m (2450 & 3400 feet); flowers pale yellow or orange, August.
• *Sphaeralcea ambigua Gray var. rosacea (Munz & Johnst.) Kearney. Desert globe mallow. Widespread subshrub; common on rocky slopes in desertscrub and desert grassland; 640 & 1310 m (2100 & 4300 feet); flowers lavender, March & May, August & November; var. ambigua with red & orange flowers seeded along Anklam Road, Speedway Blvd., and ASDM.
• +Sphaeralcea angustifolia (Cav.) G. Don. Narrowleaf globe mallow. Local subshrub; rare on sandy, disturbed soil, flats west of Tumamoc Hill (J. E. Bowers 2735 in 1983); 745 m (2450 feet); flowers pale orange & pink, not lavender as in Texas, September.
• *Sphaeralcea coulteri (Wats.) Gray. Coulter globe mallow. Scattered annual; common on sandy flats and roadsides; 640 & 990 m (2100 & 3250 feet); flowers orange, February & April.
• *Sphaeralcea emoryi Torr. var. californica (Parish) Shinners [S. e. var. variabilis (Ckll.) Kearney]. Emory globe mallow. Local subshrub; rare (uncommon in 1992) on rocky slopes and roadside, Mile Wide Road, Picture Rocks Pass and Tumamoc Hill; 730 & 825 m (2400 & 2700 feet); flowers lavender, March; very similar to and hybridizes with sympatric widespread S. ambigua var. rosacea.
• +Sphaeralcea hastulata Gray. [S. subhastata Coult. var. thyrsoidea Kearney]. Globe mallow. Local subshrub; rare on flats, 10 miles southwest of Tucson (Fulton & Harrison 6818, 6824, 6825, 6826 in 1930, the type series); flowers orange & red, April.
• *Sphaeralcea laxa Woot. & Standl. Caliche globe mallow. Widespread subshrub; very common on rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, and roadsides in desertscrub and desert grassland; 670 & 1430 m (2200 & 4700 feet); flowers orange, all months.

Meliaceae Melia Family

• Melia azedarach L. Chinaberry. Local exotic tree; rare, in gravel floodplain along wash, in Greasewood Park, and Tumamoc Hill landfill, escape from cultivation; 735 & 750 m (2420 & 2460 feet); flowers purple, March.

Molluginaceae Mollugo Family

• *Mollugo cerviana (L.) Seringe. Threadstem carpet weed. Local annual; uncommon in granitic gruss, Hugh Norris Trail; 1175 m (3850 feet); flowers white, August & October.
• Mollugo verticillata L. Indian chick weed. Local annual; rare, Oeste Wash and Sonoran Desert Station; 780 m (2550 feet); flowers white, October.

Moraceae Mulberry Family

• *Morus microphylla Buckl. Texas mulberry. Local shrub; single shrub on rhyolite scree slope, Wasson Peak; 1395 m (4580 feet); April.

Nyctaginaceae Four o'clock Family

• *Allionia incarnata L. Trailing four & o'clock, windmills. Widespread herbaceous perennial; common on rocky slopes, disturbed areas, and along washes in desertscrub and desert grassland; 640 & 1430 m (2100 & 4700 feet); flowers pink, occasionally albino (King Canyon and Wasson Peak), February & December.
• *Boerhaavia coccinea Mill. Red spiderling. Scattered herbaceous perennial; uncommon on rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, and along washes; 745 & 1310 m (2450 & 4300 feet); flowers red, March & May, July & November.
• Boerhaavia coulteri (Hook. f.) Wats. Spiderling. Local annual; uncommon on rocky slopes and sandy flats, Rillito Peak and Tumamoc Hill; 640 & 790 m (2100 & 2600 feet); flowers light pink, August.
• Boerhaavia erecta L. var. erecta. Spiderling. Local annual; uncommon on rocky slopes and along washes, Rillito Peak and San Joaquin Road; 640 & 700 m (2100 & 2300 feet); flowers pink, August & November.
• *Boerhaavia erecta L. var. intermedia (Jones) K. & P. [B. intermedia Jones]. Spiderling. Widespread annual; common on rocky slopes, disturbed soils, and along washes in desertscrub and desert grassland; 700 & 1430 m (2300 & 4700 feet); flowers pink, August & November.
• +*Boerhaavia gracillima Heimerl. Spiderling. Local herbaceous perennial; King Canyon (A. E. Garwood 4991 in 1976); flowers red.
• *Boerhaavia megaptera Standl. Winged spiderling. Scattered annual; uncommon on rocky slopes and along washes and canyons in desertscrub and desert grassland, common on Wasson Peak ridge; 730 & 1430 m (2400 & 4700 feet); flowers pink, August & November; Tumamoc Hill is the type locality (J. J. Thornber 162 in 1903).
• *Boerhaavia spicata Choisy. Spiderling. Local annual; very common on rocky slopes and along washes in desertscrub and desert grassland; Hugh Norris Trail, Oeste Wash, and Tumamoc Hill; 790 & 1430 m (2600 & 4700 feet); flowers pink, August & November.
• *Boerhaavia wrightii Gray. Fourwing spiderling. Scattered annual; common on rocky slopes, roadsides, and along washes in desertscrub; 640 & 1005 m (2100 & 3300 feet); flowers pink, August & September.
• *Commicarpus scandens (L.) Standl. Bush spiderling. Widespread subshrub; common on rocky slopes and along washes and canyons; 640 & 1325 m (2100 & 4350 feet); flowers pale green, March & November.
• *Mirabilis bigelovii Gray. Wishbone bush. Widespread herbaceous perennial, or subshrub; common on rocky slopes and in canyons in desertscrub and desert grassland, 640 & 1430 m (2100 & 4700 feet); flowers white with pink, February & May, August & November.
• *Mirabilis multiflora (Torr.) Gray. Colorado four o'clock. Local herbaceous perennial; rare at base of cliffs in desert grassland, just below junction of Hugh Norris and King Canyon Trails, common on northeast slope of Wasson Peak; 1370 & 1400 m (4500 & 4600 feet); flowers magenta, August.
• *Oxybaphus coccineus Torr. [Mirabilis coccineus (Torr.) B. & H.]. Red four & o'clock. Local herbaceous perennial; uncommon on rocky north slopes, Hugh Norris Trail, Radio Towers and Wasson peaks area; 1100 & 1340 m (3600 & 4400 feet); flowers magenta, April & May, August & November.

Oleaceae Olive Family

• *Forestiera shrevei Standl. [F. phillyreoides (Benth.) Torr.]. Desert olive. Scattered shrub; uncommon on rocky slopes and along washes and canyons; 670 & 1430 m (2200 & 4700 feet); flowers white, January & March.
• *Menodora scabra Gray. Twinberry. Widespread subshrub; very common to abundant on rocky slopes and gravelly bajadas in desertscrub and desert grassland; 640 & 1430 m (2100 & 4700 feet); flowers yellow, March & May, August & November.

Onagraceae Evening Primrose Family

• *Camissonia californica (Nutt. ex Torr. & Gray) Raven. [Oenothera leptocarpa Greene]. Scattered annual; common on rocky slopes and along washes; 730 & 1310 m (2400 & 4300 feet); flowers pale yellow with red spots, February & May.
• *Camissonia chamaenerioides (Gray) Raven. [Oenothera chamaeneriodes Gray]. Longcapsule primrose. Widespread annual; uncommon on rocky slopes and along washes and canyons; 640 & 1310 m (2100 & 4300 feet); flowers pale yellow, February & April.
• *Camissonia clavaeformis (Torr. & Frem.) Raven. [Oenothera clavaeformis Torr. & Frem.]. Browneye primrose. Local annual; common on flats west of Tumamoc Hill, rare in King Canyon; 700 & 975 m (2300 & 3200 feet); flowers white, March & May.
• *Gaura parviflora Dougl. Lizard tail. Local annual or biennial; common in King Canyon and Oeste Wash; 780 & 945 m (2550 & 3100 feet); flowers white and pink, March & May, July.
• +Oenothera caespitosa Nutt. Large white desert primrose. Local herbaceous perennial; Tumamoc Hill (F. Shreve s.n. in March 1931); flowers white, March.
• *Oenothera primiveris Gray. Yellow desert primrose. Widespread annual; uncommon on rocky slopes and gravelly bajadas in desertscrub and desert grassland; 670 & 1370 m (2200 & 4500 feet); flowers yellow, February & April.

Orobanchaceae Broom Rape Family

• *Orobanche ludoviciana Nutt. var. cooperi (Gray) G. Beck. [O. cooperi (Gray) Heller]. Broom rape, burro weed strangler. Scattered herbaceous perennial root parasite; rare on rocky slopes; 730 & 915 m (2400 & 3000 feet); flowers purple, March.

Papaveraceae Poppy Family

• Argemone gracilenta Greene. Crested prickly poppy. Widespread annual; common on roadsides and disturbed areas; 745 & 810 m (2450 & 2650 feet); flowers white, February & May, August & October.
• +Argemone ochroleuca Sweet. [Argemone mexicana sensu K. & P.]. Yellow prickly poppy. Local annual; Tucson Mts. (R. H. Peebles & H. F. Loomis 6951 in 1930); flowers yellow, May.
• *Eschscholtzia mexicana Greene. Mexican gold poppy. Widespread annual; very common in 1991 on rocky slopes, ridgetops and roadsides in desertscrub and desert grassland; 670 & 1430 m (2200 & 4700 feet); flowers yellow & orange, February & May.

Pedaliaceae Unicorn Plant Family

• *Proboscidea altheaefolia (Benth.) Decne. [incl. P. arenaria (Engelm.) Decne.]. Devil's claw, desert unicorn plant. Scattered herbaceous perennial; common on bajadas, sandy flats, and along washes; 715 & 790 m (2350 & 2600 feet); flowers yellow, July & August.
• *Proboscidea parviflora (Woot.) Woot. & Standl. Devil's claw. Local annual; uncommon, Sweetwater Trail and Tumamoc Hill landfill; 745 & 1130 m (2450 & 3700 feet); flowers pink & purple, August & November.

Plantaginaceae Plantain Family

• +Plantago bigelovii Gray. [P. heterophylla Nutt. ssp. californica (Greene) Bassett]. Manyseed plantain. Local annual; in desertscrub, north of Rattlesnake Pass on Silverbell Road (R. A. Darrow s.n. in March 1937); 760 m (2500 feet).
• *Plantago fastigiata Morris. [P. insularis Eastw. sensu K. & P.]. Indian wheat. Widespread annual; common on rocky slopes and sandy and gravelly bajadas; 640 & 1220 m (2100 & 4000 feet); February & April.
• *Plantago patagonica Jacq. [P. purshii R. & S.]. Pursh plantain. Widespread annual; very common on rocky slopes and gravelly bajadas in desertscrub and desert grassland; 685 & 1430 m (2250 & 4700 feet); February & May.
• Plantago rhodosperma Decne. Redseed plantain. Local annual; common on rocky slopes in desertscrub, Tumamoc Hill; 790 & 815 m (2600 & 2670 feet); March & April.

Plumbaginaceae Plumbago Family

• *Plumbago scandens L. Hierba de alacrán. Local herbaceous perennial; rare on steep rocky slopes and at base of cliffs, Safford Peak area and Starr's Hill; 730 & 975 m (2400 & 3200 feet); flowers white, April & May, September & November.

Polemoniaceae Phlox Family

• *Eriastrum diffusum (Gray) Mason. Widespread annual; common (abundant in wet years) on rocky slopes and bajadas in desertscrub and desert grassland; 670 & 1430 m (2200 & 4700 feet); flowers blue with yellow throat; February & May.
• +Gilia capitata Sims. Local annual; 12 miles northwest of Tucson, Tucson Mts. (J. J. Thornber s.n. in March 1908), mesas, Tucson (J. J. Thornber s.n. in May 1905); March & May.
• *Gilia flavocincta A. Nels. ssp. australis (A. & V. Grant) Day & Grant. [G. sinuata sensu K. & P., in part]. Scattered annual; uncommon on rocky slopes; 670 & 1310 m (2200 & 4300 feet); flowers purple, February & May.
• *Gilia stellata Heller. Widespread annual; common on rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, and along washes in desertscrub and desert grassland; 670 & 1430 m (2200 & 4700 feet); flowers purple, February & April.
• +Ipomopsis longiflora (Torr.) V. Grant. [Gilia longiflora (Torr.) G. Don]. Whiteflower gilia. Local annual; abundant in depressions on mesas, Tucson (J. J. Thornber 4439, s.n. in 1901 and March 1903); flowers pale blue to white, March & April, August.
• +Linanthus aureus (Nutt.) Greene. Local annual; mesas, Tucson (Mrs. J. J. Thornber 2970 in 1903); flowers yellow with orange to purplish throats, April.
• *Linanthus bigelovii (Gray) Greene. Scattered annual; uncommon (common in wet years) on rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, and along washes; 640 & 1005 m (2100 & 3300 feet); flowers whitish, February & April.
• *Phlox tenuifolia E. Nels. Scattered herbaceous perennial; common on rocky slopes and banks of washes; 780 & 1370 m (2550 & 4500 feet); flowers white, March & May, August & December.

Polygalaceae Milkwort Family

• *Polygala macradenia Gray. Milkwort. Scattered subshrub; common on rocky slopes and ridges, especially on limestone and caliche, in desertscrub and desert grassland; 670 & 1430 m (2200 & 4700 feet); flowers purple with yellow and white, February & May, August & November.

Polygonaceae Buckwheat Family

• *Chorizanthe brevicornu Torr. Brittle spineflower. Scattered annual; common on gentle slopes, gravelly bajadas, and along washes; 685 & 945 m (2250 & 3100 feet); February & April.
• *Chorizanthe rigida (Torr.) T. & G. Rigid spineflower. Local annual; common on gravelly a Frem. Desert trumpet, cigaret plant. Local herbaceous perennial; rare on rocky slopes, Picture Rocks Pass area; 780 m (2550 feet); stems not inflated as in Mohave Desert, flowers yellow, March & April.
• *Eriogonum maculatum Heller. Anglestem buckwheat, spotted buckwheat. Scattered annual; rare to uncommon on bajadas and gravelly flats; 745 & 975 m (2450 & 3200 feet); flowers white with purple spot, March & May.
• *Eriogonum palmerianum Reveal. [E. densum sensu K. & P.]. Skeleton weed. Scattered annual; common on rocky slopes, ridgetops, and along washes; 715 & 1340 m (2350 & 4400 feet); flowers white to pale pink; April & November.
• Eriogonum polycladon Benth. Sorrel buckwheat. Local annual; very common on roadside near jct. of Anklam Road and Speedway Blvd. and Tumamoc Hill; 780 m (2550 feet); flowers pink, August & November.
• +Eriogonum reniforme Torr. & Frem. Kidneyleaf buckwheat. Local annual; abundant on limestone hills near foot of Cat Mt. (J. J. Thornber s.n. in April 1906), mesas between limestone hills (Snyder Hill) and Tucson Mts. (J. J. Thornber s.n. in April 1908); flowers yellow, April.
• *Eriogonum thurberi Torr. Thurber buckwheat. Local annual; uncommon on rocky slopes, Hugh Norris Trail and flats west of Tumamoc Hill; 745 & 1250 m (2450 & 4100 feet); flowers rose pink, March & April.
• Eriogonum trichopes Torr. Little trumpet. Local annual; common (abundant in wet years) on roadsides, rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, and along washes, Picture Rocks Pass and Tumamoc Hill area; 730 & 790 m (2400 & 2600 feet); flowers yellow, April & May, August & September.
• *Eriogonum wrightii Torr. var. wrightii. Wild buckwheat. Widespread subshrub; common on rocky slopes and rocky banks of washes, very common on granitic slopes; 670 & 1430 m (2200 & 4700 feet); flowers white to pink; June & February.

Portulacaceae Portulaca Family

• *Calandrinia ciliata (R. & P.) DC. Red maids. Local annual; rare on rocky slopes along Hugh Norris and Sweetwater Trail; 960 & 975 m (3150 & 3200 feet); flower magenta, March.
• *Calyptridium monandrum Nutt. Sand cress. Local annual; common on rocky ridge tops, sandy bajadas, and along washes, Picture Rocks Pass, Tumamoc Hill, Wasson Peak area, and Yuma Mine Trail; 745 & 1310 m (2450 & 4300 feet); flowers pale red, March & April.
• Portulaca oleracea L. [incl. P. retusa Engelm.]. Common purslane, verdolaga. Scattered exotic annual; common on bajadas in wet years, uncommon on rocky slopes in desertscrub and desert grassland; 640 & 1340 m (2100 & 4400 feet); flowers yellow, August & September.
• *Portulaca suffrutescens Engelm. Scattered herbaceous perennial; uncommon on rocky slopes, sandy bajadas, and roadsides in desertscrub and desert grassland; 790 & 1430 m (2600 & 4700 feet); flowers peach to orange, August & September.
• *Portulaca umbraticola H.B.K. [P. coronata Small]. Scattered annual; common on rocky slopes and roadsides in desertscrub and desert grassland; 790 & 1430 m (2600 & 4700 feet); flowers yellow, August & September.
• *Talinum aurantiacum Engelm. Flame flower. [incl. T. angustissimum (Gray) Woot. & Small]. Scattered herbaceous perennial; uncommon on rocky slopes, often under shrubs or boulders in desertscrub and desert grassland; 790 & 1370 m (2600 & 4500 feet); flowers orange, February & May, August & October.
• *Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertin. Pink baby breath. Local herbaceous perennial; uncommon on rocky north slopes in desertscrub and desert grassland, Gates Pass, Gatuña Canyon, and Sweetwater Trail; 885 & 1100 m (2900 & 3600 feet); flowers pink, August & September.

Primulaceae Primrose Family

• *Androsace occidentalis Pursh. Scattered annual; common on rocky slopes and along washes; 730 & 1310 m (2400 & 4350 feet); flowers white, February & April.

Ranunculaceae Crowfoot Family

• *Anemone tuberosa Rydb. Windflower, desert anemone. Widespread herbaceous perennial; common on rocky slopes; 640 & 1250 m (2100 & 4100 feet); flowers white, pink beneath, February & March.
• Clematis drummondii T. & G. Texas virgin's bower, barbas de chivato. Local woody vine; uncommon along washes, near Artesiano Road, Las Lomas and west of Tumamoc Hill; 640 & 790 m (2100 & 2600 feet); flowers white, April & May.
• *Delphinium scaposum Greene. Barestem larkspur. Widespread herbaceous perennial; common on rocky slopes and banks of washes and canyons; 670 & 1100 m (2200 & 3600 feet); flowers blue & purple, February & April.
• *Myosurus cupulatus Wats. Mousetail. Local annual; abundant on rocky slopes and in canyons, Gates Pass, Picture Rocks, Safford Canyon, and Sonoran Desert Station; 730 & 1005 m (2400 & 3300 feet); flowers white, February & April.

Resedaceae Mignonette Family

• Oligomeris linifolia (Vahl) Macbr. Linearleaf cambess. Scattered annual; common (very common in 1992) on gravelly bajadas, roadsides, and along washes; 855 & 885 m (2800 & 2900 feet); March & April.

Rhamnaceae Buckthorn Family

• +Condalia correllii M. C. Johnst. Bluewood. Local shrub; under cliff on north side of Cat Mt. (J. C. Blumer 4278 in 1911); 915 m (3000 feet); July & October.
• *Condalia warnockii M. C. Johnst. Mexican crucillo. [Condalia spathulata Gray sensu K. & P.]. Widespread shrub; common on rocky slopes and gravelly bajadas; 670 & 1430 m (2200 & 4700 feet); (May) August & October.
• *Ziziphus obtusifolia (Hook. ex. T. & G.) Gray var. canescens (Gray) M. C. Johnst. [Condalia lycioides (Gray) Trel.]. Graythorn. Widespread shrub; uncommon on rocky slopes, gravelly bajadas, and along washes; 670 & 1325 m (2200 & 4350 feet); March & June (October).

Rosaceae Rose Family

• *Vauquelinia californica (Torr.) Sarg. Arizona rosewood. Local shrub; uncommon to common on north slopes of Cat Mt., Radio Towers and Wasson peaks, and Safford Canyon; in desert grassland; 760 & 1430 m (2500 & 4700 feet); flowers white, June.

Rubiaceae Madder Family

• *Galium aparine L. Bedstraw. Widespread exotic annual; common on rocky slopes and along washes and canyons, usually under trees or shade of boulders in desertscrub and desert grassland; 670 & 1430 m (2200 & 4700 feet); flowers white, February & April.
• *Galium proliferum Gray. Bedstraw. Widespread annual; common on rocky slopes and along washes, often under trees or shade of boulders in desertscrub and desert grassland; 670 & 1250 m (2200 & 4100 feet); flowers white, February & April.
• *Galium stellatum Kell. var. eremicum Hilend & Howell. Bedstraw. Widespread subshrub; common on rocky slopes in desertscrub and desert grassland, very common at the higher elevations; 640 & 1370 m (2100 & 4500 feet); flowers cream, March & May.

Rutaceae Rue Family

• *Thamnosma texana (Gray) Torr. Local herbaceous perennial; uncommon on gravelly bajadas and along washes and canyons, often under trees, Oeste Wash, Picture Rocks Pass, Tumamoc Hill, and wash near Yuma Mine Trail; 670 & 810 m (2200 & 2650 feet); flowers yellowish or purplish, February & April.